The cold outdoors and the warm indoors - switching between often extreme temperatures is a challenge for the immune system. Just like during a trip to the sauna, the cardiovascular system has to adapt to the different conditions. This is essentially a workout for the entire body: The blood vessels and lymph channels dilate and contract. This strengthens the vascular walls and the bodily fluids flow faster. As a result, they transport harmful substances away more easily. Moreover, immunoglobin levels increase as the organism produces more antibodies.
Even regular short spells of activity help to improve health and fitness. This applies not only to your physical but also your mental well-being. In fact, studies have shown that sport and exercise not only prevent cardiovascular diseases and joint and back problems, but can also actively reduce the risk of depression. Seasonal depression in particular is usually experienced in the autumn and winter. Exercise and light therapy have been proven to have a positive effect on the associated symptoms. Cycling combines both of these: The body secretes more happy hormones, such as dopamine and serotonin, and general well-being is enhanced.
Vitamin D has an impact on our psyche. It is also an important component in the formation of bones and muscles. The "sunshine vitamin" protects the nerve cells in the brain, serves to reduce blood pressure and boosts the immune system. Given that the body produces 90 per cent of this vitamin itself by absorbing and converting UV-B rays from the sun, cycling in winter can help optimise the vitamin D supply. Although thick winter clothing means that less UV radiation is absorbed through the skin, it can still penetrate into the body via the face and the retina of the eyes. Cyclists who ride in daylight thereby regularly replenish their vitamin D depots.
Especially in autumn and winter, public transport, including buses and trains, are a breeding ground for cold viruses. Cyclists are not exposed to these viruses in these crowded means of transport and thus their risk of infection is reduced. Another reason to cycle in winter: The air from heating systems causes the mucous membranes to dry out. This, in turn, encourages bacteria to build up. The switch from hot to cold and the physical effort involved in cycling strengthens the membranes in the mouth and nose, moisten them again and boost blood circulation. It is also important to drink lots since the body loses a lot of moisture through breathing. If this is not replenished, the mucous membranes cannot be sufficiently moistened and pathogens have an easy time of it.
Studies have shown that the quickest way to cover distances less than five kilometres is by bike. At an average, comfortable speed of 15.3 km/h, it takes between five and 23 minutes to cover a distance of half to four and a half kilometres. Cyclists are not even that much slower in winter since official bike paths have to be cleared regularly by the authorities. In contrast, the same distance takes between 12 and 25 minutes by car. Cars are only the speedier option as of a distance of five kilometres.